Mohsen Mokhtarian; Hamid Tavakolipour; Ahmad Kalbasi-Ashtari; Fatemeh Koushki
Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 7-12
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the process of pistachios solar drying in two different conditions of the designed dryer (recycle and without recycle modes). As well, in this study, the drying kinetics curves of pistachio were drawn and its dewatering behavior was monitored by empirical ...
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This research aimed to investigate the process of pistachios solar drying in two different conditions of the designed dryer (recycle and without recycle modes). As well, in this study, the drying kinetics curves of pistachio were drawn and its dewatering behavior was monitored by empirical models. Furthermore, the mass transfer rate (MTR) of the examined product during drying in two noted modes was determined by Fick’s 2nd law. Maximum, minimum, and average values of collector output air temperature were recorded 54.20, 32.30, and 42.99oC & 47.10, 30.70, and 40.03oC in air recycle and without air recycle modes, respectively. The results dedicated that, 18.75 % saving in drying time was obtained for air recycle mode compared with without air recycle mode. Also, the obtained data revealed that the drying rate of pistachio nut under recycle mode was higher than that of pistachio nut under without recycle mode, especially during the first hours of drying. Moreover, the empirical modeling showed that the Parabolic and Diamante et al. models were found to be the most suitable for describing drying curve of the thin layer solar drying process of whole pistachio nut under recycle and without recycle modes, respectively. In addition, the highest value of effective moisture diffusivity was observed in solar dried pistachio nut under air recycle mode with the Deff value of 2.26×10-6 m2/h (R2=0.9265).
Roozbeh Assterki; Neda Hoveizeh Tamimian; Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2018, , Pages 8-11
Abstract
Introduction: Stevioside, a high intensity non-nutritive sweetener, is extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. This sweet plant native to north eastern Paraguay and is a white, crystalline and odorless powder and approximately 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Procedures for isolation of ...
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Introduction: Stevioside, a high intensity non-nutritive sweetener, is extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. This sweet plant native to north eastern Paraguay and is a white, crystalline and odorless powder and approximately 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Procedures for isolation of stevioside from S. rebaudiana leaves on a pilot scale mostly involve liquid extraction with such solvents as chloroform-methane, glycerol, and propylene glycol, followed by refinement involving extraction into a polar organic solvent, decolorization, coagulation, ion-exchange chromatography and crystallization. Method: In this study, the effect of ethanol concentration (25, 50 and 75 percent) and heating techniques (Hot plate, Ohmic and Microwave) on the extraction rate of Stevia leaves Were studied. Stevioside were determined by HPLC analysis. Results:Results indicated that heating methods do not effective on the extraction efficiency and the highest concentration of extraction obtained in 50 % of ethanol. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the extractions rates of different heating methods can be stated that this species efficiency of extraction does not related with microwave radiation and it depending on the microwave heat.
Mehran Jandaghi; Mohammad Reza Hasandokht; Vahid Abdossi; Pezhman Moradi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 8-12
Abstract
Currently in order to develop healthy foods, the usage of organic fertilizers has received more consideration as a suitable suggestion for the application of chemical fertilizers. Cucumbers, a fruit in the Cucurbitaceae family, have many uses for salad as a food. This research was carried out to figure ...
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Currently in order to develop healthy foods, the usage of organic fertilizers has received more consideration as a suitable suggestion for the application of chemical fertilizers. Cucumbers, a fruit in the Cucurbitaceae family, have many uses for salad as a food. This research was carried out to figure out the impact of chicken manure tea and vermicompost on some nutritional traits in cucumber fruit (Cucumis sativus cv. Extreme), in a greenhouse in Iran's Tehran province. The study was factorial in a randomized completely block design with four replications. Treatments were control (without any fertilizer), control with chemical fertilizer (20-20-20), vermicompost in two levels (20 and 30 %), and chicken manure tea (1/4, 1/8, and 1/12). At the end of the grown season, fruits were harvested. Some nutrients traits were measured. Results showed that increasing the amount of chicken manure tea (up to 1/8 v/v) significantly increased trace elements (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, Iron, Zinc, Manganese) of cucumber. By enhancement in the content of chicken manure tea (1/4 v/v), all traits showed the same result as treatment with chemical fertilizer. So, manure fertilizer can be used for the improvement of nutritional value in cucumber cultivation to produce healthy foods.
Ghazaleh Abdollahi Moghaddam Masouleh; Leila Nateghi; Kian Pahlevan Afshari
Abstract
One of the most widely used methods for sanitizing and reducing the microbial load of fruit juices is thermal pasteurization, which damages bioactive pigments such as anthocyanins. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of pasteurization of grape juice by ultrasound (at ...
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One of the most widely used methods for sanitizing and reducing the microbial load of fruit juices is thermal pasteurization, which damages bioactive pigments such as anthocyanins. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of pasteurization of grape juice by ultrasound (at powers 10, 105, and 200 W, temperatures 0, 30, and 60 °C, and times 2, 6, and 10 min) and to compare the microbial load and color properties by thermal pasteurization (pasteurization at 90 °C for 30 sec). According to the results, the number of color components (a*, b*, and L*) and the total count of microorganisms in pasteurized grape juice decreased significantly (p≤0.05) as the power, temperature, and time increased. Optimal conditions for simultaneous pasteurization by ultrasound to achieve the minimum microbial load and the maximum number of color components with 90.196% desirability were predicted at a power of 113 watts, a temperature of 60 °C, and a time of 8.850 min. The microbial load of pasteurized grape juice by ultrasound was 0 (CFU/ml), and the number of color components was L*= 18.8021, a*= 37.8406, and b*=27.2104. The results indicated that the pigments of grape juice could be preserved and the same safety in terms of microbial load reduction could be achieved through pasteurization by ultrasound.
Shahnaz Shekarforoush; Mina Fardaee
Volume 3, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 9-14
Abstract
Fluid balance is essential for life. Some studies have shown an association between high intake of water and a low risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the evidence is insufficient or inconsistent to draw substantial conclusions. The author's objective was to review previous studies addressing ...
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Fluid balance is essential for life. Some studies have shown an association between high intake of water and a low risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the evidence is insufficient or inconsistent to draw substantial conclusions. The author's objective was to review previous studies addressing the influence of drinking water and hydration status on the cardiovascular system. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using relevant terms. Animal and human studies in the English language which were highly relevant to the topic were selected and summarized. Drinking about half a liter of water rapidly raises sympathetic activity as much as classic sympathetic stimuli such as caffeine and increases plasma norepinephrine leading to peripheral vasoconstriction. However, cardiac vagal tone enhancement with water ingestion buffers the pressor effects of sympathetic activation. Dehydration leads to mild hypernatremia which gradually causes changes such as increased blood viscosity, hemoconcentration, inflammatory signals, platelet activation and aggregation, adhesive properties of endothelial cells, thrombogenesis, and so on, all of which are harmful to the cardiovascular system. Overhydration can result in water intoxication and increase coagulability. Both dehydration and overhydration are associated with several adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the data regarding how much water can reduce the risk of heart disease is limited and the results are also controversial. More research is needed to confirm the observed associations between hydration status and cardiovascular diseases.
Hassan Rashidi; Faride Esmaili; Mostafa Khojastehnazhand
Abstract
In recent days, there have been many recommendations on social media about eating healthy fruits to strengthen the immune system and corona resistance. Therefore, it is very important to identify spoiled fruits at this time when human society is concerned about coronavirus and the ...
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In recent days, there have been many recommendations on social media about eating healthy fruits to strengthen the immune system and corona resistance. Therefore, it is very important to identify spoiled fruits at this time when human society is concerned about coronavirus and the human body needs healthy fruits in case of this disease. This paper proposes a method to identify the type of defects found in orange fruits. We used a machine vision system to capture sample images, which includes a charge-coupled device camera, black box, lighting system, and personal computer. The citrus fruits are classified into eight classes, including Wind scar, Stem-end breakdown, Snail bites, Thrips scar, Scale injury, Medfly, Rings, and Calyx, depending on the type and model of the defects. In the proposed method, classification by the neural network with the help of co-occurrence matrix for four angles θ=0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°, were extracted to identify various defects and 24 features related to the areas with defect in citrus. For the final classification of defects in citrus, after evaluating many classification tools from various tools available, Feed-forward Back Propagation Neural Network (FFBPNN) is used. The result of the neural network classifier was obtained with the help of the co-occurrence matrix by taking four angles (horizontal, right diagonal, vertical, and left diagonal) with an accuracy of 89.65%. The evaluation shows acceptable results compared with similar studies. It is a reliable method in the food classification industry with reasonable accuracy.
Azadeh Jalilian Fard; Abolghassem Djazayery; Ariyo Movahedi; Seyyed Ali Keshavarz
Volume 2, Issue 3 , December 2019, , Pages 10-15
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports club members as well as to conduct anthropometric measurements and dietary habits assessments. The study population consisted of members of sports clubs. The socio-economic status (SES) questionnaire, demographic information, ...
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This study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports club members as well as to conduct anthropometric measurements and dietary habits assessments. The study population consisted of members of sports clubs. The socio-economic status (SES) questionnaire, demographic information, dietary habits questionnaire, questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, and practice on sports supplements, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity questionnaires were investigated. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of sports clubs’ members were reported to be low in the sense that both men and women practiced bodybuilding more than other sports in all five regions of Tehran. Men and women reported exercising for fitness and weight loss respectively. Men took supplements to gain muscle mass while took them women more for weight loss. Protein and carbohydrate, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), fiber, anabolic steroids, glutamine, arginine, and antioxidant supplements were consumed more frequently by men. The consumption rate of the supplement was high amongst the members of sports clubs; however, their knowledge and attitude were low. Additionally, the dietary habits of subjects were not suitable and their physical activity was not proper. According to anthropometric data, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high. Regarding what is mentioned above, the authorities are required to include such issues in large-scale policies.
Ensieh Mohammadkhani; Ali Komeili; Abolghassem Djazayery; Ariyo Movahedi
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disorder that affects millions of teens and young adults worldwide, but its link to dietary intake is still unclear and requires more research. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between diet and acne among 150 adolescents aged ...
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Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disorder that affects millions of teens and young adults worldwide, but its link to dietary intake is still unclear and requires more research. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between diet and acne among 150 adolescents aged 12-18 in Tehran province. The participants reported their dietary intake using a 24-hour recall method. Their anthropometric data were measured using standard methods. Their acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Scoring System (GAGS). Their diet quality was evaluated using the International Diet Quality Index (DQI-I) based on Kim et al. 2003. The mean GAGS scores for the whole sample and for girls and boys were 9.24±8.9, 8.79±8.9, and 9.7±7.13, respectively. The prevalence of acne was 71.5% for the whole sample, 93.3% for boys, and 69.1% for girls. The mean DQI-I score for the whole sample was 48.54. The regression analysis showed no association between acne severity and DQI-I score, food groups, or micro and macronutrients. This study found no evidence of a connection between diet quality and acne among adolescents. Further prospective studies are needed to verify or refute this finding.
Jafar Aldaghi; Ariyo Movahedi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 10-16
Abstract
One of the most worldwide chronic diseases is diabetes which has affected a large population worldwide and it is predicted that 649 million adults will be diabetic by 2040. Many foods and ingredients were tested to combat diabetes. Both probiotics and prebiotics which are known as synbiotic have shown ...
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One of the most worldwide chronic diseases is diabetes which has affected a large population worldwide and it is predicted that 649 million adults will be diabetic by 2040. Many foods and ingredients were tested to combat diabetes. Both probiotics and prebiotics which are known as synbiotic have shown beneficial effects on many diseases including diabetes. Although several studies have evaluated the effect of synbiotic consumption on lipid profile in patients with diabetes, findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of synbiotics on lipid profile in diabetic patients. A systematic literature search of online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, and Cochrane’s library was conducted up to January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of synbiotics on lipid profile in diabetic patients were included. A total of 11 RCTs with 662 participants were included. Synbiotic consumption resulted in a decrease in plasma concentrations of TC, TG, LDL, and an increase in plasma HDL levels compared to the control group (placebo supplements/control foods/conventional products). Synbiotic supplements may be profitable to ameliorate lipid profile in patients with diabetes and it should be suggested by both dietitians and healthcare clinics to diabetic patients.
Zahra Madani; Maryam Moussavi Jordi; Mina Minaie; Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh; Zahra Abdollahi; Fariba Babaei; Zahra Abasalti; Ariyo Movahedi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2018, , Pages 11-17
Abstract
Child health is very vital in all societies, which is prejudiced by the interaction of numerous factors. Pediatric healthy nutrition is one of the most imperative and influential elements in the health of children which affects anthropometric indices. In this study, the effectiveness of one meal warm ...
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Child health is very vital in all societies, which is prejudiced by the interaction of numerous factors. Pediatric healthy nutrition is one of the most imperative and influential elements in the health of children which affects anthropometric indices. In this study, the effectiveness of one meal warm food for the rural kindergarten of two main cities in the East and West of I.R. Iran Urmia and Mashhad have been carried out. In this cross-sectional study, anthropometric z scores of 5508 children (2750, Urmia vs 2758, Mashhad) were measured by using WHO Anthro and Anthro plus software based on WHO 2007 standards and analyzed using SPSS. Based on the present findings, 16% of children from West and 15% of children from the East showed moderate to severe lower weight for height. In addition, girls showed more severe underweight than boys did. BMI-for-age children from the West and the East approximately showed 14% and 15% of moderate to severe underweight and dropped to about 9% and 12% respectively. Moreover, the percentage of overweight of children in the study was lightly changed to obese especially in boys from the West. Between the two genders, male and female, overweight in girls and obesity in boys found higher than the opposite sex, and relatively similar trends have continued after the intervention in the west. This project was successful to lower moderately severe wasting in children based on body mass index from 7% to about 5% in the west and from 6% to about 5% in the east too. The slight increase in the scale of overweight and obesity and a half percent of overweight children from the west after the program was shown. Even though boys from the West showed a higher increase of obesity than girls had more overweight than boys did, but there was no change before and after intervention in the east, reduction of moderate and severe underweight found similarly in both genders. Due to the relative success of the present intervention plan, nutritional education along these kinds of projects may improve the nutritional status of children in society and prevent pediatric malnutrition.
Maryam Moussavi; Majid Karandish; Ariyo Movahedi; Behnood Abbasi
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 11-14
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, inexpensive, quick, and non-invasive technique for measuring body composition and its analysis is used as an alternative to examine muscle mass and body fat percentage Obesity and depression are two major public health problems among adolescents. Both ...
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, inexpensive, quick, and non-invasive technique for measuring body composition and its analysis is used as an alternative to examine muscle mass and body fat percentage Obesity and depression are two major public health problems among adolescents. Both obesity and depression are very prevalent and associated with numerous health complications, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and increased mortality. The present study was a cross-sectional study on 157 adult females and males from student and staff of Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU) of Tehran that classified in two groups of normal weight and overweight or obese. The proportion of body tissues was determined according to the resistance created. The weight of the subjects was measured and recorded using BIA. Using the DASS-21 Questionnaire for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Based on the present findings, anthropometric indices such as weight, skeletal muscle mass, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, visceral fat level, whole-body water (L), body fat mass (kg), basal metabolic ratio (kcal), degree of obesity (%) ), fat percentage analysis (%), muscle weight analysis (kg), muscle percentage analysis were significantly different between the two groups (P <0.0001) and were higher in obese or overweight groups than the normal one. There were no significant differences in anxiety (p=0.496), stress (p=0.407), and mental health score (p=0.251) in both groups. Whereas, depression was significantly higher in the overweight or obese group (p=0.012). There was no meaningful relationship between BMI and stress (CC=0.04, P=0.612), anxiety (CC=0.052, P=0.519), whereas the positive correlation between BMI and depression (CC=0.932, P=0.035) was significant. There was a direct relationship between obesity and depression, anxiety, and stress. BMI correlates positively with mental health parameters.
Ali Sadeghi; Hassan Hamedi; Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani; Maryam Fahimdanesh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 12-16
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively used as colloidal materials for nanoparticles production designed for various purposes, including drug targeting, enhancement of drug bioavailability and protection of drug bioactivity and stability. In particular, poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) ...
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Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively used as colloidal materials for nanoparticles production designed for various purposes, including drug targeting, enhancement of drug bioavailability and protection of drug bioactivity and stability. In particular, poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) as a polyester has been FDA approved for human use. In this research, the biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle of casein/poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) containing three concentrations of alpha-tocopherol was prepared. The comparative evaluation of these nanoparticles, including morphology, size, zeta potential, entrapment rate, spectroscopy, thermal resistance, and their release profile was carried out. The comparative results suggested that the sizes of derived nanoparticles were between 150 and 350 nanometers. In addition, there was a significant difference between the nanoparticles size and increase in alpha-tocopherol percentage used in this formulation (p<0.05). The accumulated results indicated that the highest entrapment rate belonged to 10 percent of alpha-tocopherol, and higher concentrations decrease the entrapment rate. The using of casein/PLGA can be optimized the characteristics and morphological properties of nanoparticles. The polymeric nanoparticles containing alpha-tocopherol can be used as a biologic preservative to improve drug delivery and consumer health.
Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani; Hassan Hamedi; Melika Zandi; Maryam Fahimdanesh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2018, , Pages 12-18
Abstract
Edible oils can be misdescribed by substituting one ingredient for a similar, but less expensive or over-declaring a quantitative ingredient. Thus, the identification of raw materials in edible oils is important for authentication. In This study, three methods (saponification value, sterol and fatty ...
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Edible oils can be misdescribed by substituting one ingredient for a similar, but less expensive or over-declaring a quantitative ingredient. Thus, the identification of raw materials in edible oils is important for authentication. In This study, three methods (saponification value, sterol and fatty acids analysis) were used to compare for fraud detection in edible oils. Tests used to assess the quality of sesame oil and oils obtained from mixing sesame oil with sunflower and corn oils. The results showed that campesterol, Δ7-avenasterol, Δ5-avenasterol and Δ7-stigmastenol values can be used as detectors for corn oil mixed with sesame oil, even at a concentration of 5%. Also, in the detection of sesame oil fraud, measuring the fatty acids include oleic, linolenic, linoleic and behenic is more suitable even at a concentration of 5% of sunflower oil adding. In general, the best method for detecting of fraud at all concentrations of added sunflower oil was the saponification value method, while fatty acid composition and desmethylsterols composition was suitable for both corn and sunflower oils mixing.
Maryam Naderi; Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh; Abolghassem Djazayery
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2019, , Pages 12-15
Abstract
Osteoporosis is now recognized as a community health problem, and its complications can impose a lot of financial and psychological damage to the community. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food insecurity with osteoporosis in 40 to 50-year-old non-menopausal women. In ...
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Osteoporosis is now recognized as a community health problem, and its complications can impose a lot of financial and psychological damage to the community. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food insecurity with osteoporosis in 40 to 50-year-old non-menopausal women. In this study, 280 non-menopausal women aged 40 to 50 years old referred to the Alborz Bone Mineral Density Center (Karaj, Iran) in a case-control study were compared in two groups of 140 with osteoporosis and normal bone in 2018. The Household Information Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was completed. Finally, the data were analyzed using χ2 and one-way ANOVA and correlation. In this study, there was a significant relationship between food security and osteoporosis (p<0.001). 77.9% of healthy subjects and 87.1% of people with osteoporosis had food insecurity. The associated factors with osteoporosis were the age (p=0.01), number of children (p=0.002), number of breastfeeding months (p<0.001), age of menarche (p=0.001), exposure to direct sunlight (p=0.05), physical activity (p<0.001), history of osteoporosis (p=0.018), economic status (p<0.001) and smoking (p=0.02). After the adjustment of confounding factors in the regression analysis, predictive factors for osteoporosis were the age of menarche, physical activity, and household economic status. Considering the factors associated with osteoporosis and the association of food insecurity with osteoporosis in non-menopausal women, provision of proper nutrition guidelines and preventive measures seem to be necessary.
Fatemeh Rahmani; Azita Faraki
Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 13-18
Abstract
One of the best and most important foods in the human diet is milk. So, the presence of nutritional compounds and the absence of harmful components is very remarkable. Mycotoxins are an important toxin in food and feed, they are produced by molds. The presence of mycotoxins in food is an emerging issue ...
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One of the best and most important foods in the human diet is milk. So, the presence of nutritional compounds and the absence of harmful components is very remarkable. Mycotoxins are an important toxin in food and feed, they are produced by molds. The presence of mycotoxins in food is an emerging issue in the world. Among different types of mycotoxins, aflatoxins are so considerable. Different methods are used to reduce them, but the usage of microbial methods such as Lactic acid bacteria, probiotics, and yeasts is a beneficial strategy. The most studied microorganisms are lactic acid bacteria due to their natural presence in milk and also are known as a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) substances. It is noteworthy to mention that the bacterial cell walls are so important in binding ability. Also, parameters such as pH, temperature of incubation, type of starter, which is used in the product, concentration of microorganisms in milk, and the level of toxin can affect the efficiency of microorganisms. Hence, this review was aimed to investigate the results of studies about the effectiveness of microbial methods on the adsorption and reduction of aflatoxin in milk. Also compares the effect of microorganisms, influencing factors, and mechanisms of these methods.
Vahid Ranaei; Soudabeh Yarmohammadi; Leyla Alizadeh; Sakineh Dadipoor; Zahra Pilevar; Teamur Aghamolaei
Volume 4, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 13-18
Abstract
The zoonotic 2019-nCoV is driving an apparent rapid spread among human populations. Apart from deaths and disabilities, the social and economic downturn of viral spread is inevitable. Currently, there isn't any specific vaccine or treatment and there is an urgent need for early interventions ...
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The zoonotic 2019-nCoV is driving an apparent rapid spread among human populations. Apart from deaths and disabilities, the social and economic downturn of viral spread is inevitable. Currently, there isn't any specific vaccine or treatment and there is an urgent need for early interventions based on available information about the subject. In this review article, after an introduction to 2019-nCoV outbreak and behavioral changes, the role of health care workers, universities, and the government is reviewed. In addition, the personal and social controlling behaviors associated with 2019-nCoV disease are comprehensively discussed. Given that medical teams are expected to treat the patients by working for long hours and scarifying their lives, concurrently, sectors such as government, university and health care workers have a critical role in prevention and control measures. Pandemics require changing of social and personal behaviors regarding socialization, hygiene, etc. Implementation of vigilant controlling measures associated with personal and social behaviors such as timely dissemination of accurate information, early identification, and isolation of people who have 2019-nCoV disease, quarantine, stopping mass gatherings, providing advanced remote medical treatments, and education of personal hygiene seems to be the most efficient interventions to contain the pandemic of 2019-nCoV. Personal and social preventive behaviors suppress the peak and slowdowns the rapid spread of outbreaks until effective drugs and vaccines become available.
Elham Danaee; Vahid Abdossi
Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to the mint family, which contains essential oils and phenolic compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Iron, potassium, and zinc are essential nutrients for plants. The use of nano-chelates is effective on vegetative characteristics ...
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Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to the mint family, which contains essential oils and phenolic compounds with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Iron, potassium, and zinc are essential nutrients for plants. The use of nano-chelates is effective on vegetative characteristics essential oils percentages of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to investigate foliar application effects of nano-chelates levels on morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of basil. This experiment was performed as a completely randomized statistical design with 10 treatments including nano-chelates of iron, potassium, and zinc (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/l). Non-foliar treatment with nano-chelates was used as a control treatment. The results showed that foliar application of different levels of nano-chelates had a significant effect on traits such as shoot fresh weight, total chlorophyll, flavonoids, amount of iron, potassium, and zinc at the level of 1%. Also, there was a significant impact on traits such as shoot and root dry weight, root fresh weight, phenol, vitamin C and essential oil percentage at 5% level. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, vitamin C, phenol, and zinc was observed in Zn nano-chelate treatment. The highest content of total chlorophyll, flavonoids, iron content, and essential oil content in Fe nano-chelate treatment and the highest amount of potassium was in the treatment of K nano-chelate. Foliar application of different levels of nano-chelates in basil improved quantitative qualitative and nutritional contents. Nano-chelate fertilizers affected the percentage of compounds and the amount of essential oil compounds except methyl chavicol.
Mohsen Taghavi; Seyyed Ali Keshavarz; Alireza Hoveyda; Asal Ataie-Jafari
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 14-18
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible disease that in the final stages (ESRD), the person forever needs kidney replacement therapy such as hemodialysis. Protein-energy malnutrition is very common among hemodialysis patients and depression is also very common in these patients. ...
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Chronic renal failure (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible disease that in the final stages (ESRD), the person forever needs kidney replacement therapy such as hemodialysis. Protein-energy malnutrition is very common among hemodialysis patients and depression is also very common in these patients. This study was designed to determine the relationship between depression and malnutrition in patients undergoing hemodialysis. In this study, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale- 21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to determine depression and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS), and Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) questionnaires were used to determine malnutrition. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical indicators were also examined. The study involved 100 patients (59 men and 41 women). The mean age of participants was 62.12 ± 13.22. According to the DASS-21 questionnaire, 59% of patients had depression. Also, 23%, 25%, and 23% of patients were malnourished based on the results of SGA, MIS, and DMS questionnaires. There was no statistically significant relationship between depression and malnutrition. Also, the relation between depression and most demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical variables was not significant. But there was a significant relationship between depression and the duration of hemodialysis in men (r =-0.29, p=0.02) and serum level of TIBC in all participants (r =-0.21, p=0.03). In this study, depression was not associated with malnutrition. Further studies are needed to determine this relationship.
Hosnie Hoseini; Parichehreh Yaghmaei; Gholamreza Bahari; Saeed Aminzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 15-19
Abstract
Imbalance in the production of oxidative molecules and antioxidant activity plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative damage marker, superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as an antioxidant ...
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Imbalance in the production of oxidative molecules and antioxidant activity plays an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was performed to evaluate the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative damage marker, superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as an antioxidant defense system in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Twenty-five NHL patients and twenty-five healthy individuals were included in the study. The data showed that lower activity of enzymatic antioxidants (GPx, SOD) and higher MDA levels in NHL patients than in the control group. The results suggest that increased serum MDA and decreased SOD and GPx activity may be due to oxidative stress, which may play an important role in NHL formation. the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the NHL has not been extensively studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure the level of MDA as well as GPx and SOD activity in blood tissue collected from NHL patients compared with the control group.
Golnaz Majdizadeh; Mahnaz Sazvar; Zahra Vafaei Mastanabady; Zahra Zare Dehabadi; Malikeh Mohajerani; Shima Aligoli; Fereydoun Siassi; Ariyo Movahedi
Abstract
Memory has an important role in human life, and any reduction causes many problems, and increasing it improves the quality of life. Research has shown that dietary intake is an important factor in brain function and development which might affect the level of memory. The aim of this ...
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Memory has an important role in human life, and any reduction causes many problems, and increasing it improves the quality of life. Research has shown that dietary intake is an important factor in brain function and development which might affect the level of memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between eating habits and memory status and anthropometric indices of local and non-local students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 190 students, 97 boys and 93 girls (134 local and 56 non-local) 18 to 50 years old from the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University were chosen randomly. The required data were collected by a general information questionnaire and memory was collected using Kim Karad Memory Questionnaire. Eating habits were also assessed using the IAUFHQ-82 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the present study no significant relationship was found between eating habits and memory status and body mass index. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the eating habits of local and non-local students. Surprisingly no insignificant relationship was observed between eating habits and memory status and body mass index; hence, it is necessary to conduct further studies with large-scale sample size.
Samila Farokhimanesh; Ali Komeili
Volume 2, Issue 2 , November 2019, , Pages 16-18
Abstract
An array of age-related diseases (like diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, osteoporosis, cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arthritis), which are originated from low-grade, chronic, sterile inflammation, called inflammaging have been increased in aged population. In ...
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An array of age-related diseases (like diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, osteoporosis, cancer, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arthritis), which are originated from low-grade, chronic, sterile inflammation, called inflammaging have been increased in aged population. In line with this notion, an abundant body of evidence has been demonstrated that quasi-self-stimulations like over-nutrition and gut microbiota could produce metabolic induced inflammation called meta-inflammation. In fact, meta-inflammation which is a result of nutrient excess is a special situation of inflammaging that has a similar molecular mechanism to inflammaging and both inflammaging and meta-inflammation resulted in activating pro-inflammatory pathway. Today it has been revealed that the human diet has significant impacts on preventing meta-inflammation. As a matter of fact, nutrition is one of the most pivotal modulators of low grade- chronic inflammation which can control it. Expanding data showed that phytochemicals especially curcumin and resveratrol, melatonin and vitamin D may exert several anti-inflammatory activities in the context of meta-inflammation. Since these nutrients have pleiotropic functions for inhibiting metabolic inflammation, they could be more efficient in anti-inflammatory based therapy for meta-inflammation in comparison to other nutrients. Here we reviewed the anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects of some nutrients with pleiotropic effects on inflammation by considering their impacts on the meta-inflammination.
Mohammad Mehdi Hassanpour; Anousheh Sharifan; Afshin Akhondzadeh basti
Volume 2, Issue 3 , December 2019, , Pages 16-22
Abstract
The World Health Organization's Food Safety Unit has given high priority to study fermentation as a technique for food preparation and preservation because in developing countries one-tenth of under-five children die from dehydration. Loss of water is mainly due to the spreading of diarrhea, and the ...
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The World Health Organization's Food Safety Unit has given high priority to study fermentation as a technique for food preparation and preservation because in developing countries one-tenth of under-five children die from dehydration. Loss of water is mainly due to the spreading of diarrhea, and the cause of diarrhea are foods that do not meet the standards of hygiene, the health standard of a food is based on the process and conditions of the raw material, and lactic fermentation of food as a standard process has been known to reduce the risk of growth of foodborne pathogens. In this study, the effect of a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum on the growth of Escherichia coli O111 during yogurt storage was evaluated. Different conditions were used in this study: concentration of L. fermentum at three levels and E. coli O111 at one level. In probiotic yogurt, the L. fermentum count and E. coli O111 count, pH, acidity, and syneresis were evaluated. The results showed that the total count of E. coli O111 in the control sample was higher than the probiotic samples. Probiotic bacteria also decreased during the storage period. The results indicate that probiotic yogurt had antimicrobial properties during storage. Syneresis characteristics also showed that the control sample had more syneresis than the other samples. The results of this study showed that L. fermentum has antimicrobial potential in dairy products
Mohammadreza Esfehani; Farzad Eidi; Ariyo Movahedi
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome on the one hand and its relationship with other chronic non-communicable diseases on the other hand has led to many studies to investigate the causes of metabolic syndrome or its components. This study was a case-control study that was ...
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The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome on the one hand and its relationship with other chronic non-communicable diseases on the other hand has led to many studies to investigate the causes of metabolic syndrome or its components. This study was a case-control study that was performed on 160 men and women (80 individuals with metabolic syndrome and 80 healthy individuals) with a mean age of 47.8 years. In this study, demographic questionnaires, 147-item feed frequency, anthropometric and body composition information, blood pressure, and a fasting blood sample were taken from all subjects. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. People with metabolic syndrome had higher intakes of cereals, offal, fruits, oils, and snacks, and the differences were significant. Also, the mean atherogenic plasma index (AIP), cardiac risk ratio, and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in the group of patients with metabolic syndrome were higher significant than in the patients. However, there was no significant difference between the ORAC diet in the healthy and affected groups. There was also no association between dietary ORAC and AIP. Among the food groups, only nuts and viscera were not associated with the ORAC diet, but more food groups such as legumes, meats, fast foods, vegetables, spices, nuts, tea, coffee, and sugars were not associated with AIP. The results also showed that according to AIP values, 71.3% of healthy people are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome. According to the results, it seems that indicators related to the quality of dietary fat have an effective role in the development of metabolic syndrome and its components. However, the ORAC index did not have a significant effect on the development of the metabolic syndrome and its components and was associated only with the intake of many food groups.
Mahdi Azizi Shafa; Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti; Anousheh Sharifan; Ali Khanjari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG in synbiotic wet Doineh, a traditional Iranian fermented food enriched with different ratios of inulin. Milk and wheat bulgur were cooked in the conventional method and ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG in synbiotic wet Doineh, a traditional Iranian fermented food enriched with different ratios of inulin. Milk and wheat bulgur were cooked in the conventional method and then mixed with LGG strain and different ratios of inulin (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 percent). After 24 h of fermentation at 37ºC, the samples were stored at 4ºC for 21 days. pH, acidity, sensory evaluation, and probiotic culture were measured at 24 h after fermentation and on days 7, 14, and 21, using a pH meter, potentiometric, 5-point hedonic scale, and pour-plate methods, respectively. Protein, fat, solids content, and ash were determined by Kjeldahl, Soxhlet, dry weight at 100–105°C and 550ºC oven methods after 24 h of fermentation. The samples containing inulin showed significantly slower changes in pH and acidity. The viability and survival of LGG increased in the samples with higher amounts of inulin due to its prebiotic effect, and these changes were significant. The 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% inulin models had more acceptable sensory characteristics. Traditional foods and their preparation methods are suitable targets for developing health-oriented products, and functional foods with nutraceutical capabilities can be designed and produced based on them.
Fatemeh Kalateh Seifari; Hamed Ahari
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 15-22
Abstract
Environmental concerns related to using plastics for food packaging and consumers' demand for the extended shelf life of foods conducted the researches to develop new strategies for food packaging. The shelf life of food systems is related to the existence and growth of food pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms ...
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Environmental concerns related to using plastics for food packaging and consumers' demand for the extended shelf life of foods conducted the researches to develop new strategies for food packaging. The shelf life of food systems is related to the existence and growth of food pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms during food storage. Also, the environmentally friendly aspects of edible films and coatings make them appropriate substitutes for plastics in food packaging systems. Therefore, edible films and coatings which contain a food preservative introduced as hopeful novel systems for extending shelf life and preserving the quality of foods. The antimicrobial agents could be used in edible films and coating for restriction or stopping the microbial growth for prolonging the shelf life of foods. Due to the weak barrier and mechanical characteristics of most edible films and coatings, natural nanocrystals could be employed to improve the properties of them. In this review, the nanoemulsion encapsulation introduced as a technique for improving antimicrobial properties, while minimizing the antimicrobial agent impacts on the foods' organoleptic properties. Also, using natural nanocrystals proposed as a reinforcing agent for edible packaging material. The shelf life of food systems is related to the existence and growth of food pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms during food storage.
