Zeinab Gholami; Seyyed Morteza Safavi; Parvane Saneei; Awat Feizi; Peyman Adibi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2018, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Measuring the satiety index of food components has not been done in Iran yet. The aim of this study was to determine the satiety index (SI) of low-fat yogurt among healthy normal-weight adults in Isfahan. This semi-experimental study was conducted on 30 healthy normal-weight adults for two consecutive ...
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Measuring the satiety index of food components has not been done in Iran yet. The aim of this study was to determine the satiety index (SI) of low-fat yogurt among healthy normal-weight adults in Isfahan. This semi-experimental study was conducted on 30 healthy normal-weight adults for two consecutive days. In the first day, each participant consumed 90 grams white bread and in the second day 526 grams low-fat yogurt (1.5% fat) within 15 minutes. We evaluated the satiety of low-fat yogurt and white bread based on VAS and LIKERT scales. Anthropometric indices were measured. Food intakes, physical activity in the night before each test, hunger and palatability of each food were evaluated by food record, physical activity record, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), respectively. The satiety index of low-fat yogurt was 136.66±1.46 compared to white bread (with SI of 100). The changes of satiety 120 minutes after consumption of white bread and low-fat yogurt were not significant based on the VAS scale, but according to the LIKERT scale low-fat yogurt changes showed a significant increase (mean changes=1.60±0.43 (SD)) (P=0.03). The hunger of people was equal to 1.66 units. The satiety index of low-fat yogurt in normal-weight Isfahanian adults was higher compared to white bread; suggesting higher satiety for low-fat yogurt than white bread. According to the LIKERT scale, 120 minutes after consumption of low-fat yogurt, satiety showed a significant increase. The applied method in this study is suggested to be used for determination of SI of other foods in the Iranian population.
Somayeh Alsadat Hosseini Khorami; Reza Mahdavi; Abolhasan Kazemi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2018, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by some species of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found as a contaminant in a variety of animal and human foods. Ochratoxin A has teratogenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, nephrocarcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects on human and animals. ...
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by some species of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found as a contaminant in a variety of animal and human foods. Ochratoxin A has teratogenic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, nephrocarcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects on human and animals. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of ochratoxin A in non-alcoholic beers, which were randomly collected from different retail outlets. All samples were analyzed for ochratoxin A by ELISA. Identification of fungal isolates was based on both macroscopic characters (colony growth, colony diameter) and microscopic characters. The tease Mount technique was used in this study and the fungi were cultivated in YGC (yeast glucose chloramphenicol agar) medium. All of the samples were contaminated with ochratoxin A but the levels of the contamination were below the maximum permitted levels. However, the difference between local and imported beer samples was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mycological survey showed that 100% of domestic and imported beer samples were contaminated with Aspergillus, while 31.4% of the domestic and 40% of the imported beer samples were contaminated with Penicillium. Among the Aspergillus species, the most representative specie was Aspergillus niger. Although the ochratoxin A concentrations of non-alcoholic beers were under the European maximum permitted levels, the long-term continual consumption may have considerable health problem despite the low levels of contamination.
Maryam Ebrahimi Vargoorani; Mohammad Hossein Modarressi; Elahe Motevaseli; Farzam Vaziri; Seyed Davar Siadat
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
In Gram-positive bacteria, the production of extracellular vesicles has been neglected to date due to the presence of a thick peptidoglycan cell wall. But in recent years more studies have been done on these nanoparticles. The purpose of this study is to show that Lactobacillus casei has the ability ...
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In Gram-positive bacteria, the production of extracellular vesicles has been neglected to date due to the presence of a thick peptidoglycan cell wall. But in recent years more studies have been done on these nanoparticles. The purpose of this study is to show that Lactobacillus casei has the ability to produce extracellular vesicles. Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important agent to mediate the expression of genes. In this scientific research, we have examined to find out the effect of EVs derived from L. casei on the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 gene. The EVs were purified from the conditioned medium of L. casei using ultracentrifugation and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Caco2 cells were treated with different concentrations of purified extracellular vesicles. The electron microscopy showed spherical vesicles that had an average diameter of 200nm. The extracted protein content was 2.4 in the ultracentrifugation method. It was determined that the extracellular vesicles of this bacterium at concentrations of 150 μg/ml had no significant effect on the expression of Toll-like receptor-2 gene expression in comparison with the control (Sucrose), whereas the expression of this gene in the treatment of EVs at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/ml decreased. Our result creates a paradigm for future studies of the functional component from gut microbiota as a new possible dietary supplement instead of probiotic.
Hassan Gandomi; Azra Farhangfar; Afshin Akhondzadeh basti; Ali Misaghi; Negin Noori
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2019, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum was the most common species in the microflora of artisanal Siahmazgi white brined cheese with 41.6% occurrence among the total isolated LAB. In this study, the attachment properties of 5 different L. plantarum strains isolated from Siahmazgi traditional cheese were evaluated by ...
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Lactobacillus plantarum was the most common species in the microflora of artisanal Siahmazgi white brined cheese with 41.6% occurrence among the total isolated LAB. In this study, the attachment properties of 5 different L. plantarum strains isolated from Siahmazgi traditional cheese were evaluated by in vitro tests including auto and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, and cell adhesion. A relatively high amount of auto-aggregation ranged from 58.21 to 73.99% was seen in selected isolates. Co-aggregation was highly variable from 1.46 to 49%, depending on the pathogenic bacteria and L. plantarum isolates. Hydrophobicity was also highly different in tested strains ranging from 6.58 to 73.3%. Two isolates showed great affinity about 73% to chloroform. All the isolates presented high adhesion to Caco-2 cell line up to about 90%. In conclusion, five L. plantarum isolates showed appropriate attachment properties and could be good candidates for further studying, including safety evaluation, that support their use as probiotics.
Zahra Jalili; Reza Tavakoli; Sahar Jalili
Volume 2, Issue 2 , November 2019, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common of dementia characterized by the gradual decrease of mental ability and behavioral disorders. AD threatens the health of 5%-10% of people over 65 years old. Studies have also suggested the consumption containing omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) may be a strategy ...
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common of dementia characterized by the gradual decrease of mental ability and behavioral disorders. AD threatens the health of 5%-10% of people over 65 years old. Studies have also suggested the consumption containing omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) may be a strategy to prevent the disease. The current study aimed at determining the predictors of the omega-3 supplementation to prevent AD based on constructs of Health Belief Model in the elderly. In the current cross-sectional study, 333 elderly patients referring to health centers in Tehran from 2015 to 2016 were selected by the stratified random sampling method. The inclusion criteria were age over 60 years old without AD and signing the informed consent form. Data were collected by a questionnaire developed based on Health Belief Model constructs after determining its validity and reliability. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS-18 software and statistical tests, including logistic regression analysis, Chi-square, and independent-samples t-tests. The highest calculated mean belonged to the perceived susceptibility construct (%40.4) followed by knowledge (%30.6). The mean omega-3 consumption among the samples was (%27.6.) The lowest mean belonged to the perceived barriers construct indicating that the construct cannot be an obstacle to consume omega-3 supplementation. According to the results of the current study and the mean omega-3 consumption at low and the moderate levels of knowledge in the elderly, it was suggested to design and implement educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model for the elderly in order to prevent AD.
Nasrin Choobkar; Maryam Mousavi; Abdoreza Aghajani
Volume 2, Issue 3 , December 2019, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract of dried and powdered plants was prepared. After producing the treatments, moisture, pH, ash, protein, and fat content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and color parameters, and sensory evaluation in sausage samples during 45 days of cold storage were studied. ...
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In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract of dried and powdered plants was prepared. After producing the treatments, moisture, pH, ash, protein, and fat content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and color parameters, and sensory evaluation in sausage samples during 45 days of cold storage were studied. The lowest and highest of pH value was related to treatment with the mixture extracts (0.25%) and Z. multiflora extract (1.5%) respectively. The lowest and highest protein content was related to 1% S. leriifolia and 2% Z. multiflora extract, respectively. Over time, the fat content in the control sample and all treatments has declined, also, the protein and ash content in treatments has decreased and increased respectively. Over time and with increasing the extracts concentration, L*, a* and b* values in all treatments decreased, increased, and decreased respectively. S. leriifolia extract has a more significant effect on the DPPH test in comparison with Z. multiflora extract. Two herbal extracts had a significant effect on the sensorial characteristics of all treatments. It can be said that, in terms of color parameters and free radical scavenging activity, the treatments with S. leriifolia extracts were better than control and treatments containing Z. multiflora extracts, while, the physicochemical and sensorial properties of recent treatments were better than S. leriifolia extracts and control.
Seyed Amir Ali Anvar; Hamed Ahari; Nasim Mojarrad
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Carvacrol was found in essential oils of thyme, oregano, wild bergamot, and some other plants. Although, a wide range of bioactivities such as anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial has been identified for carvacrol, however, among all therapeutic properties it possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. ...
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Carvacrol was found in essential oils of thyme, oregano, wild bergamot, and some other plants. Although, a wide range of bioactivities such as anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial has been identified for carvacrol, however, among all therapeutic properties it possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of carvacrol as an active compound against the growth of Aspergillus flavus, besides its effect on the expression of aflatoxin-related (aflR) gene. Twelve fungal samples of A. flavus were used and the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol was tested against them using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) according to the broth microdilution procedure. The expression of the aflatoxin regulatory (aflR) gene was examined by Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The results of MIC and MFC tests showed that carvacrol at 0.8 μg/ml and 3.5 μg/ml concentrations displayed antimicrobial activities on A. flavus, respectively. The RT-PCR result indicated that the expression level of aflR gene had decreased to 33% in the presence of carvacrol compared to 67% in the absence of the mentioned active compound. Together the results demonstrated that carvacrol not only exhibited antimicrobial activity against A. flavus but also reduced its gene expression level.
Sara Motamedi; Forogh Mortazaeinejad; Vahid Abdossi; Davood Naderi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
To investigate the effect of polyamines and some organic acids’ application on postharvest life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), an experiment was conducted in 2016. The treatments included putrescine (1, 2, and 3 mM), spermine and spermidine (0.75, 1, and 1.5 mM), ascorbic acid (10, 20, ...
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To investigate the effect of polyamines and some organic acids’ application on postharvest life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), an experiment was conducted in 2016. The treatments included putrescine (1, 2, and 3 mM), spermine and spermidine (0.75, 1, and 1.5 mM), ascorbic acid (10, 20, and 30 mM), citric acid (2, 3, and 4 mM), cinnamic acid (50, 100, and 150 mM) and the control. Treatments were used in two stages, before and after harvest, in two separate experiments based on a completely randomized design with three replications. At the end of the experiment, the nutritional value including, K, Ca, Fe, Vitamin C, TSS, and Protein in button mushroom were measured. The results indicated that in post-harvest stages, the maximum level of protein and Vitamin C were obtained in response to use of spermidine 1.5 mM. The maximum value of protein was observed at 3 mM putrescine and 30 mM Vitamin C at post-harvest stages. The maximum level of TSS was shown in spermidine 1 mM in both pre- and post-harvest. The application of treatments affect on micro and macro elements significantly. It can be said that application of treatments in the post-harvest stage has more influence on the nutritional value and durability of button mushroom.
Esther Abiodun Adurotoye; Abiodun Victor Ikujenlola; Hezekiah Adekanmi Adeniran
Volume 3, Issue 3 , September 2020, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
This study investigated the in vivo effect of administration of probioticated African Yam Bean (AYB) based milk analogues on albino rats. Vegetable milk extracts were obtained from processed African Yam Bean, Soybean Seeds, and Coconut. The samples were mixed at different ratios of 1:1:1, 3:1:1, and ...
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This study investigated the in vivo effect of administration of probioticated African Yam Bean (AYB) based milk analogues on albino rats. Vegetable milk extracts were obtained from processed African Yam Bean, Soybean Seeds, and Coconut. The samples were mixed at different ratios of 1:1:1, 3:1:1, and 5:1:1 (African Yam Bean: Soybean: Coconut) as A, B, and C, respectively. The blended milk analogues were fermented using Lactobacillus delbrueckii isolated from Kununzaki drink. The effect of the fermented milk analogues on the intestinal tract and the serum of the albino rats was also investigated. This strain inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, a selected food-borne pathogen in vivo. Animals fed with only E. coli had the highest AST and ALT values of 79.31 and 24.59 IU/L respectively. Animals fed with sample B1 had the lowest ALT value of 16.24 IU/L. The weight gain was highest in animals fed with only probiotic drink sample. The histopathological examination showed the protective effect of the group dosed with the probiotic drink alone and the ones fed with a higher proportion of AYB. The study concluded that probioticated African yam bean drink exhibited health-promoting effect in vivo on the experimental animals and hence could be used as probiotic drink.
Parviz Samavatipour; Vahid Abdossi; Reza Salehi; Saeed Samavat; Alireza Ladan Moghadam
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Recently, the role of selenium (Se) as an antioxidant has generated wide interest in humans and animal-based on its presence in antioxidant defense systems. Unfortunately, people in many countries fail to get enough selenium. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is one of the medicinal plants belonging to the ...
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Recently, the role of selenium (Se) as an antioxidant has generated wide interest in humans and animal-based on its presence in antioxidant defense systems. Unfortunately, people in many countries fail to get enough selenium. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is one of the medicinal plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. Any kind of herbal drug is influenced by many factors. Genetic, pre-harvest (season of harvest, soil, type of water), and post-harvest factors (storage, temperature, moisture) can affect total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity as well as other elements and compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selenium trace in combination with and acids on the enrichment of dill. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three levels of acid (0, 50, and 150 mmol /l) and selenium application at 5 levels (0, 6, 8, 12 and 16 mg/l). The results of this experiment showed that the effect of selenium at different level of acids was significant. So that shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, essential oils, selenium content, and antioxidant enzymes were affected by increasing treatment level. The results indicated that (50 mg/l acid+12 mg/l sodium selenate) increased and improved some morphophysiological traits and essential oils including ɑ-Pinene, β-Myrecene, ɑ-Phellandene, and Carvone.
Mahdieh Raoofi Asl Soofiani; Negin Noori
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 1-4
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV 2, is an acute respiratory syndrome and is easily transmitted between people. The disease first started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and then quickly spread to more than 200 countries. In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the ...
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV 2, is an acute respiratory syndrome and is easily transmitted between people. The disease first started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and then quickly spread to more than 200 countries. In March 2020, the World Health Organization announced the outbreak of the disease as a global epidemic, and it is a great challenge that has affected all nations. Initially, governments in various countries, to prevent the spread of this disease, took stubborn measures, including complete lockdown. It seems that little attention has been paid to food hygiene and its association with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 is possible through food department staff to food products and food contact surfaces. Recently, cases of survival of SARS-CoV 2 through various surfaces have been reported. The possibility of transmission and survival of SARS-CoV2 via food is discussed based on previous information for other respiratory viruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. Nevertheless, studies are needed to survey the possibility of its transmission and survival via food. In the face of challenges such as the current epidemic, the flexibility of a system such as the food industry is critical to protecting producers' and consumers' health to reduce the risk of outbreaks by implementing new approaches.
Reza Kazempoor; Arman Ghorbanzadeh; Mohsen Mokhtarian; Saeed Rasoulinezhad
Volume 4, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Today, food enrichment is one of the most widely used methods in benefiting the food processing industry. The effects of four different dietary groups [basic diet (I), basic diet+flaxseed oil (II), basic diet+non-absorbable fiber+flaxseed oil (III)& basic diet+non-absorbable ...
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Today, food enrichment is one of the most widely used methods in benefiting the food processing industry. The effects of four different dietary groups [basic diet (I), basic diet+flaxseed oil (II), basic diet+non-absorbable fiber+flaxseed oil (III)& basic diet+non-absorbable fiber+fish oil (IV)] were studied on the development of eggs with high content of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids &vitamin D3. To achieve this goal, the egg yolk oil was extracted by the cold extraction method and analyzed by gas chromatography. A total of 24 fatty acid compounds were identified in egg yolk oil, which ~48-52% of contained monounsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic acid). The diet modifications significantly (p<0.05) increased the total content of egg yolk omega-3 fatty acids, and the highest value was observed in the diet (III) (84.2% increase compared to the control). The highest elevations were observed in ALA (3.49%), DPA (0.24%), and DHA (1.21%) fatty acids. Also, the ratio of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids was ~18.36% in the control group (I), while in the diets II, III, and IV, the ratios decreased to ~3.79 (~80%), ~3.16 (~83%), and ~6.09 (~67%), respectively. Overall, the results indicated that diet (III) & (IV) were the most effective to increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids and Vit-D3 in egg yolk, respectively.
Noushin Mohajeri; Payman Mahasti Shotorbani; Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti; Zhaleh Khoshkhoo; Ali Khanjari
Volume 4, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of NaCl, bile salts, and their combinations on the viability of Lactobacillus casei in probiotic yogurt. For this purpose, the antibacterial activity of NaCl and bile salts was investigated via the microdilution technique by determining ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of NaCl, bile salts, and their combinations on the viability of Lactobacillus casei in probiotic yogurt. For this purpose, the antibacterial activity of NaCl and bile salts was investigated via the microdilution technique by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against L. casei. Further, the stress effects of 50% MIC on NaCl and bile salts on the L. casei were examined by comparing the stress treatments with the control in terms of the L. casei population, pH, acidity, and syneresis percentage in probiotic yogurt during storage in the refrigerator for 28 days. According to the results, the L. casei population and pH decreased in all the treatments during the storage time, such that the intensity of the decrease in the control treatment was lesser than in other stress treatments (p<0.05). The acidity and percentage of syneresis during the storage time increased for all the treatments, with the increase being less in control than in the other stress treatments (p<0.05). The control scored the highest in the sensory evaluation (p<0.05). In conclusion, applying stresses below the MIC had a negative effect on the survival of L. casei in the probiotic yogurt until the end of 28 days and the outcome was not as expected.
Shima Moazzezi; Amir Hossein Elhamirad; Leila Nateghi; Mohammad Hossein Haddad Khodaparast; Fatemeh Zarei
Abstract
Food products could be exposed to heat treatments during manufacture, storage, and distribution chains which can affect the rheological properties of hydrocolloid solutions. Viscosity is an important factor for quality evaluation in many food products. In the current study marshmallow ...
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Food products could be exposed to heat treatments during manufacture, storage, and distribution chains which can affect the rheological properties of hydrocolloid solutions. Viscosity is an important factor for quality evaluation in many food products. In the current study marshmallow seed mucilage, as a potential new source of hydrocolloid, was prepared at concentrations of 4, 6, and 8 % (w/v) and subjected to heat treatments at 30, 55, and 80 °C. Afterward, time-independent rheological behaviors of examined concentrations were assessed by using a rheometer. The findings revolved around that marshmallow seed mucilage showed a pseudoplastic behavior (n<1) as well as in the power low model. In the mentioned model the consistency coefficient (K) of all analyzed concentrations significantly has been increased at different temperatures (p≤0.01). Also, the flow behavior index value changed from 0.5092 to 0.7934 and showed a significant decrease at higher temperatures (55 and 80 °C) and also as a result of increasing in concentration. The concentrations of 4 % and 8% showed the highest temperature-dependency of consistency coefficient and flow index, respectively. In contrast, the lowest temperature dependency of consistency coefficient and flow index were detected at 6 and 4 % mucilage solution, respectively. At low concentrations, Bingham and at high concentrations Casson models, in addition, Hershel-Bulkley model best fitted with the mucilage solution.
Ghadir Shahbazi; Jalal Shayegh; Siamak Ghazaei; Mohamad Hossein Movassagh Ghazani; Shahram Hanifian
Abstract
Contamination of poultry products by Salmonella spp. is a critical issue in the poultry industry and public health. The present study aimed at molecular detection and typing of Salmonella isolated from poultry products. Moreover, antibiotic resistance patterns and the biofilm formation ...
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Contamination of poultry products by Salmonella spp. is a critical issue in the poultry industry and public health. The present study aimed at molecular detection and typing of Salmonella isolated from poultry products. Moreover, antibiotic resistance patterns and the biofilm formation ability of isolates were determined. Eighty poultry product samples were collected from chicken supply and distribution centers. Salmonella spp. were identified by culture as well as the genus-specific PCR. A slide agglutination test using O grouping polyvalent sera were used for serological identification. BOXAIR and REP-PCR methods were evaluated for the discrimination of Salmonella isolates at the serotype level. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of serotypes against sixteen antibiotics was performed using the standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The Microtiter-plate biofilm formation assay measured the extent of biofilm formation. From 80 samples, 11 Salmonella spp. were identified, divided into two serotypes belonging to B and A serogroups. BOX repeat-based PCR (BOXAIR-PCR) and Repetitive element-based PCR (REP-PCR) banding results of isolates revealed 7 and 6 reproducible fingerprint patterns, respectively. The highest resistance was observed in response to ampicillin and doxycycline, followed by chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, neomycin, and nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance was detected in all Salmonella serotypes. Seven isolates possessed the ability to produce biofilm with varied adhesion strength. These results revealed the high and unexpected prevalence of Salmonella spp. in poultry products with multiple antibiotic resistance and biofilm production ability. Also, BOXAIR and REP-PCR results revealed high diversity in Salmonella serotypes and subsequently indicated variety in the origin of Salmonella spp.
Ayda Ghaffari Ashtiani; Anousheh Sharifan; Morteza Gharibi; Rahmatollah MoradZadeh
Abstract
Diabetes is a condition where the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels properly due to insufficient or ineffective insulin. This can cause problems with blood lipids and oxidative stress, which damage cells and tissues. Oxidative stress is measured by MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation. ...
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Diabetes is a condition where the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels properly due to insufficient or ineffective insulin. This can cause problems with blood lipids and oxidative stress, which damage cells and tissues. Oxidative stress is measured by MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation. Functional foods are foods that have health benefits beyond nutrition. They can modulate physiological functions, enhance immunity, prevent diseases, or improve health outcomes. One of the functional foods that can prevent or reduce the complications of diabetes is spirulina-enriched yogurt, which has antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. In this study, we chose low-fat yogurt as a functional food and enriched it with spirulina algae powder. Spirulina is a type of blue-green algae that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic properties. It contains various nutrients, such as protein, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, that can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of daily consumption of spirulina-enriched yogurt on fasting blood sugar (FBS) and serum MDA levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Saeideh Bagheri; Pezhman Moradi; Fereshteh Nematolahi; Vahid Zarinnia; Vahid Abdossi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , March 2021, , Pages 5-9
Abstract
Chemical methods to grow and improve plants threaten the health of the environment. In a previous study, factors assuming that flavonoids properties for instance pH, temperature, time, and plant extract content were assayed. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the second most important vegetable in the ...
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Chemical methods to grow and improve plants threaten the health of the environment. In a previous study, factors assuming that flavonoids properties for instance pH, temperature, time, and plant extract content were assayed. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the second most important vegetable in the world in terms of its economic value. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three levels of chitosan, sylamol, aqueous extract, and silver nanoparticles with three replications. Different concentrations of silver nitrate solution (10, 20, 30mg/ l), aqueous extract (10, 20, 30mg/ l), chitosan (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 v/v) and silamol (1/1000, 2/1000, 3/1000(v/v) and control treatment (distilled water) were applied. Nutritional content including lycopene, Total soluble solids concentration (TSS), vitamin C, zinc, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. Factors assuming that flavonoids properties for instance pH, temperature, time, and plant extract content were assayed., Fe, Mn, P, Ca and K, are significantly affected by using treatment. Measurement of features was done at 4, 1, 3, 7, and 11 days. The results showed that the application of the above treatment at 30 ppm silver nanoparticles was more effective than all other nutritional characters. So, these natural matters could be used for increasing the quality of tomatoes.
Fatemeh Asadi; Seyedeh Baran Hashemi; Abolghassem Djazayery
Abstract
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body's organs. Sodium intake has many side effects but is also necessary for health. Previous studies on sodium intake have shown inconsistent results, and to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on ...
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Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the body's organs. Sodium intake has many side effects but is also necessary for health. Previous studies on sodium intake have shown inconsistent results, and to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted on this topic in Iran. Therefore, we decided to study the relationship between sodium intake and anthropometric indices in patients with acute heart failure in Tehran in 2021. The study was conducted on 114 patients with acute heart failure aged 16 to 80 admitted to Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tehran. Demographic information and data related to sodium intake were collected using questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements were made using standard methods. More than half (54.4%) of the patients were men, and 45.6% were women, with an average age of 62. SPSS version 26 software was used for data analysis, and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Spearman's correlation test measured the relationship between sodium intake and anthropometric indices. There were no statistically significant differences or correlations between sodium intake and anthropometric indices in patients with acute heart failure
Pegah Rahbarinejad; Maryam Mohamdpour; Mina Minaie; Farideh Nazari; Zahra Abdollahi; Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2018, , Pages 6-11
Abstract
One of the most important irresistible world wiles is to supply adequate and appropriate nourishment for children. According to malnutrition spectrum, undernutrition and overnutrition are placed in the two ends of the malnutrition spectrum, which carries on as a key public health issue in developing ...
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One of the most important irresistible world wiles is to supply adequate and appropriate nourishment for children. According to malnutrition spectrum, undernutrition and overnutrition are placed in the two ends of the malnutrition spectrum, which carries on as a key public health issue in developing countries including Iran. Under-nutrition complications including, wasting, stunting and underweight are related to delayed mental development, faltered growth and reduction of intellectual capacity. For 436 participants, anthropometric Z-scores, including weight for height Z-score (WHZ), weight for age Z-score (WAZ), height for age Z score (HAZ), and BMI for age Z-score (BAZ) were added by using Anthro V.3.2.4 and for above 5 years old using Anthro Plus V.1.04 software of the World Health Organization. All of these data classified based on WHO child growth standards guideline. In this study, SPSS was used for statistical analysis. In this interventional study of 2-6 years old children living in Dezful (in the western south part of Iran), among the total study population that surveyed, about %6 had moderate to severe wasting before the intervention which was decreased to about 5% after the intervention. Obesity and overweight did not show a significant difference based on scale. The most remarkable results to emerge from the data is that there was a significant association for the following status: Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WHZ, WAZ, and BAZ while comparing after intervention with baseline. Whereas, there was no significant association for HAZ which is interpreted as stunting. All of the anthropometric indices were increased after intervention vs baseline. Nutritional education must be conducted more seriously for both healthcare professionals in day care centers and mothers of children. Consequently, intervention program to improve the nutritional status of children aged 2-6 years in day care centers must be promoted and continued to disappear or at least fight against malnutrition. Furthermore, due to no national studies have been planned for the nutritional status of adolescent and adult individuals, in near future, this kind of intervention should be managed for these age groups.
Ali Zabihi; Afshin Akhondzadeh basti; Ghasem Amoabediny; Akram Sadat Tabatabaee Bafroee; Ali Khanjari; Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2019, , Pages 6-11
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are considered as one of the main problems of public health. Escherichia coli O157H7 are responsible for major outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) throughout the world. The mortality is originated from the production of a Shiga toxin (Stx) by these bacteria. ...
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Foodborne diseases are considered as one of the main problems of public health. Escherichia coli O157H7 are responsible for major outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) throughout the world. The mortality is originated from the production of a Shiga toxin (Stx) by these bacteria. Garlic essential oil (GEO) has antibacterial effects on many food-borne pathogens. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Allium sativum L. EO and its nanoliposomal form on the virulence of E. coli O157:H7. Reverse passive latex agglutination test was used to detect Shiga toxin2 (Stx2) production after exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of free and nanoencapsulated EO. Also, the effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of free and nanoliposomal form of GEO was evaluated on Stx2 gene expression and the relative transcriptional level of Stx2 gene was determined by real-time PCR. It was found that the sub-inhibitory concentrations of liposomal form of EO (50 and 75%) had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on Stx2 titer than its free form (p<0.05). Also, increasing the concentration of EO and nanoencapsulated EO significantly reduced Shiga toxin 2 gene expression according to control. Using 75% sub-inhibitory value of free and nanoliposome GEO, the relative transcriptional level of Stx2A gene was reduced from 0.938 to 0.667 and 0.931 to 0.659, respectively. Based on our findings, different methods of nanoencapsulation should future study to improve nanoliposome efficacy to suppress toxin production on expression level.
Maryam Mousavi; Nasrin Choobkar; Abdoreza Aghajani
Volume 2, Issue 2 , November 2019, , Pages 6-14
Abstract
In the present study, hydroalcoholic extracts of dried and powdered of Zataria multiflora and Salvia leriifolia were prepared. After producing the treatments, the moisture, pH, ash, protein and fat content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, color parameters, and sensory evaluation in sausage samples ...
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In the present study, hydroalcoholic extracts of dried and powdered of Zataria multiflora and Salvia leriifolia were prepared. After producing the treatments, the moisture, pH, ash, protein and fat content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, color parameters, and sensory evaluation in sausage samples during 45 days of storage were studied. The lowest and highest pH value was related to treatment with the mixture extracts (0.25%) and Z. multiflora extract (1.5%), respectively. The lowest and highest protein content was related to 1% S. leriifolia and 2% Z. multiflora extract, respectively. Gradually, the fat content in the control sample and all treatments has declined, also, the protein and ash content in treatments has decreased and increased respectively. Over time and with increasing the extracts concentration, L*, a* and b* values in all treatments decreased, increased and decreased respectively. S. leriifolia extract has a more significant effect on the DPPH test in comparison with Z. multiflora extract. Two herbal extracts had a significant effect on the sensorial characteristics of all treatments. It can be said that, in terms of color parameters and free radical scavenging activity, the treatments with S. leriifolia extracts were better than control and treatments containing Z. multiflora extracts, while, the physicochemical and sensorial properties of recent treatments were better than S. leriifolia extracts and control.
Fakhradin Hassanlouei; Seyed Ali Hoseini; Laleh Behbudi Tabrizi; Masod Haji Rasouli
Volume 3, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 6-10
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related ailment that affects more and more people every day. It is a type of amnesia with brain dysfunction that gradually degrades the patient's mental abilities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training with royal jelly consumption ...
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Alzheimer's disease is an age-related ailment that affects more and more people every day. It is a type of amnesia with brain dysfunction that gradually degrades the patient's mental abilities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training with royal jelly consumption on dopamine in the hippocampus tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin. In this experimental study, 30 rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT) chloride and after ensuring Alzheimer's disease were divided into groups of 6 subjects: control, training, royal jelly consumption, and training with royal jelly consumption. In order to investigate the effects of Alzheimer's induction on dopamine levels, 6 rats were included in the healthy control group. The training groups ran on the treadmill for eight weeks, five sessions a week, and 60 minutes each session. The royal jelly consumption groups received 100 mg/kg royal jelly per day peritoneally for eight weeks. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s mean comparison tests were used to analyze the findings (p≤0.05). Alzheimer's induction with trimethyltin toxin had a significant effect on reducing dopamine gene expression levels (p=0.04); royal jelly, training, and training with royal jelly consumption had a significant effect on increasing dopamine gene expression levels (p=0.001). Also, training and training with royal jelly consumption had a greater effect on increasing dopamine gene expression levels than royal jelly consumption (p=0.001). Although training and royal jelly consumption improve dopamine gene expression levels in the hippocampus tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease, the effects of training combined with royal jelly consumption appear to be greater than those of royal jelly consumption alone.
Nima Babolani Mogadam; Najmeh Moghimi; Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2018, , Pages 7-10
Abstract
Biodegradable active packaging containing natural extracts derived from plants with antimicrobial properties is one alternative strategy that can be considered by the food packing industry to reduce the use of environmentally harmful synthetic polymers. Chitosan is a safe, natural, no allergen and biocompatible ...
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Biodegradable active packaging containing natural extracts derived from plants with antimicrobial properties is one alternative strategy that can be considered by the food packing industry to reduce the use of environmentally harmful synthetic polymers. Chitosan is a safe, natural, no allergen and biocompatible polymer with health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan film containing different concentrations of ajwain essential oil on some foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19118, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 65138 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 25922, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 43996 with disk diffusion method was evaluated. The results showed that by increasing the concentration of essential oil, the inhibition zone’s diameters were significantly expanded (p<0.05). The maximum and minimum antimicrobial effects of essential oil were observed against S. aureus (26.73mm) and E. coli O157:H7 (11.25 mm). The results of this study confirmed that the use of chitosan-based antimicrobial films incorporated with ajwain essential oil has a remarkable antibacterial effect and therefore it can be practical in active packaging in the food industry.
Mohsen Mokhtarian; Hamid Tavakolipour; Hassan Hamedi; Amir Daraei Garmakhany
Volume 3, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 7-13
Abstract
The physical properties of almond kernel are necessary for the proper design of equipment for transporting, drying, processing, sorting, grading, and storage this crop. In this study, different models of ANNs with different activation functions were used to forecast surface area, volume, mass, and kernel ...
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The physical properties of almond kernel are necessary for the proper design of equipment for transporting, drying, processing, sorting, grading, and storage this crop. In this study, different models of ANNs with different activation functions were used to forecast surface area, volume, mass, and kernel density of almond. The results showed that multilayer perceptron network with tanh-tanh activation function as a goodness activation function can be estimated surface area, volume, mass, and kernel density with R2 value 0.983, 0.986, 0.981, and 0.982, respectively. Furthermore, the physical properties were fitted by regression relationships, the result showed linear regression method can be predicted surface area, volume, mass and kernel density with R2 value 0.979, 0.961, 0.945, and 0.791, respectively. Generally, the result showed neural network model had high ability to forecast the physical properties of almond than the linear regression method.
Kimia Eyalati; Elham Danaee
Volume 4, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 7-12
Abstract
To investigate the effect of ascorbic acid and chitosanon the postharvest life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), an experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were grouped in ascorbic acid (0, 1.5, and 3 mM) and chitosan ...
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To investigate the effect of ascorbic acid and chitosanon the postharvest life of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), an experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were grouped in ascorbic acid (0, 1.5, and 3 mM) and chitosan (0, 0.25, and 0.5%) levels and their interaction. At the end of the experiment, the nutritional value including Vitamin C, total soluble solids, total acidity, Phenol and antioxidant activity in button mushroom were recorded. The results stated that the maximum levels of all traits were obtained in response to use ‘1.5 mM ascorbic acid + 0.5% chitosan. The minimum percentage of weight loss was observed at 3 mM ascorbic acid + 0.25% chitosan at 12th days and maximum value belongs to control treatment. Delaying of senescence and increasing of the nutritional value of button mushrooms in response to the association of these materials with molecules and prevention of their breakdown. The highest shelf life equivalent to 14.6 days was in 5‘1.5 mM ascorbic acid + 0.25% chitosan’ treatment that caused an increase of 8 days in comparison with control. It can be said that the application of treatments in the post-harvest stage has more influence on the nutritional value and durability of button mushroom.
