Mahtab Sotoudeh; Hafez Goudarzi; Behnood Abbasi
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) causes various metabolic disorders depending on the individual's genetic background. It can be detected up to 10-15 years before a person develops type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase from 8.4% in 2017 to 9.9% in 2045. ...
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Insulin resistance (IR) causes various metabolic disorders depending on the individual's genetic background. It can be detected up to 10-15 years before a person develops type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase from 8.4% in 2017 to 9.9% in 2045. Garlic has been used as herbal medicine. It has various biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antioxidants. The present study aims to investigate the impact of garlic on IR and other indices of glucose metabolism. Electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Science Information Database (SID), and publisher databases such as Elsevier, SpringerLink, and Wiley Online Library were searched till February 2022. Search terms involved “garlic” OR “Allium sativum” OR “alliin” OR “allicin” in combination with “fasting blood glucose” OR “fasting plasma glucose” OR “fasting blood sugar” OR “insulin resistance” OR “fasting insulin” OR “homeostasis assessment model” OR “HOMA” AND “polycystic ovary syndrome” OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “type 2 diabetes mellitus” OR “metabolic syndrome” OR “nonalcoholic fatty liver disease” OR “cardiovascular diseases”. After reviewing the databases mentioned seven articles were identified for this review. Totally, 459 participants including 228 women and 231 men, enrolled in the trials. Assessing the findings of these articles indicates that garlic has a positive effect on IR, plasma insulin, and fasting glucose. The hypoglycemic action of garlic is related to its sulfur-containing compounds which directly or indirectly stimulate insulin secretion. Also, allicin in garlic can combine with endogenous thiol-containing molecules which can release insulin from inactivation.
Asal Ansaripour; Behnood Abbasi
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide which can lead to significant macrovascular and microvascular complications. A majority of patients with diabetes suffer from type 2 diabetes and its prevalence and incidence continue to increase globally. Its underlying pathophysiology ...
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Diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide which can lead to significant macrovascular and microvascular complications. A majority of patients with diabetes suffer from type 2 diabetes and its prevalence and incidence continue to increase globally. Its underlying pathophysiology is complicated. Both genetic predisposition and lifestyle risk factors can result in relative insulin deficiency and the development of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes can present with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision, and recurrent infections. However, many patients may be initially asymptomatic, resulting in late diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis can also result in presenting with already established complications at the time of diagnosis. There are various diagnostic methods and these include measurements of glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, or random plasma glucose together with classical signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. Alternatively, an oral glucose tolerance test can be carried out to confirm the diagnosis. Lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy are the backbones of type 2 diabetes treatment. Metformin is considered to be the first-line therapy of choice. However, if the desired glucose control is not achieved, then metformin is combined with other anti-diabetic medications. As type 2 diabetes is largely a preventable disease, its primary prevention is of utmost significance. The aim of primary prevention is to reduce the modifiable risk factors such as obesity, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking.
